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9 0 R /K [2] >> endobj 50 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H3 /P 45 0 R /T (Why do we use Paraphrasing? ) /E (Why do we use Paraphrasing? ) /Pg 9 0 R /K [3] >> endobj 51 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H4 /P 45 0 R /T <546F207265737461746520616E6F74686572207772697465729073206F7220737065616B6572907320696465617320696E20796F7572206F776E20776F7264732C20696E636C7564696E6720736F75726365206D6174657269616C2C207768696C65206D61696E7461696E696E6720796F7572206F776E20766F69636520616E6420746F6E652E20506172617068726173696E6720616C736F20616C6C6F777320796F7520746F20636F6E74726F6C2074686520656D706861736973206F722072656C6576616E6365206F662077686174206973206265696E6720736169642E> /E <546F207265737461746520616E6F74686572207772697465729073206F7220737065616B6572907320696465617320696E20796F7572206F776E20776F7264732C20696E636C7564696E6720736F75726365206D6174657269616C2C207768696C65206D61696E7461696E696E6720796F7572206F776E20766F69636520616E6420746F6E652E20506172617068726173696E6720616C736F20616C6C6F777320796F7520746F20636F6E74726F6C2074686520656D706861736973206F722072656C6576616E6365206F662077686174206973206265696E6720736169642E> /Pg 9 0 R /K [4] >> endobj 52 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H3 /P 45 0 R /T (For Example \(Cited in MLA\): ) /E (For Example \(Cited in MLA\): ) /Pg 9 0 R /K [5] >> endobj 53 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H4 /P 45 0 R /T (Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed., 1976, pp. 46-47.) /E (Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed., 1976, pp. 46-47.) /Pg 9 0 R /K [6] >> endobj 54 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H4 /P 45 0 R /T (In research papers, students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim \(Lester 46-47\).) /E (In research papers, students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim \(Lester 46-47\).) /Pg 9 0 R /K [7] >> endobj 55 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H3 /P 45 0 R /T (Note:) /E (Note:) /Pg 9 0 R /K [8] >> endobj 56 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H4 /P 175 0 R /T (Replacing a word with a synonym does not count as a genuine paraphrase. ) /E (Replacing a word with a synonym does not count as a genuine paraphrase. ) /Pg 9 0 R /K [9] >> endobj 57 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H4 /P 176 0 R /T (Paraphrasing still needs to be cited!) /E (Paraphrasing still needs to be cited!) /Pg 9 0 R /K [10] >> endobj 58 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H2 /P 45 0 R /T (Paraphrase) /E (Paraphrase) /Pg 9 0 R /K [11] >> endobj 59 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /Figure /P 45 0 R /Pg 9 0 R /A [177 0 R 0] /K [12] >> endobj 60 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /Figure /P 45 0 R /Pg 9 0 R /A [178 0 R 0] /K [13] >> endobj 61 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /Figure /P 45 0 R /Pg 9 0 R /A [179 0 R 0] /K [14] >> endobj 62 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /Figure /P 45 0 R /Pg 9 0 R /A [180 0 R 0] /K [15] >> endobj 63 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /Figure /P 45 0 R /Pg 9 0 R /A [181 0 R 0] /K [16] >> endobj 64 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /Figure /P 45 0 R /Pg 9 0 R /A [182 0 R 0] /K [17] >> endobj 65 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /Figure /P 45 0 R /Pg 9 0 R /A [183 0 R 0] /K [18] >> endobj 66 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /Figure /P 45 0 R /Pg 9 0 R /A [184 0 R 0] /K [19] >> endobj 67 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /Figure /P 45 0 R /Pg 9 0 R /A [185 0 R 0] /K [20] >> endobj 68 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /Figure /P 45 0 R /Pg 9 0 R /A [186 0 R 0] /K [21] >> endobj 69 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /Figure /P 45 0 R /Pg 9 0 R /A [187 0 R 0] /K [22] >> endobj 70 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /Figure /P 45 0 R /Pg 9 0 R /A [188 0 R 0] /K [23] >> endobj 71 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /Figure /P 45 0 R /Pg 9 0 R /A [189 0 R 0] /K [24] >> endobj 72 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H1 /P 46 0 R /T (6 Steps to Effectively Paraphrase: ) /E (6 Steps to Effectively Paraphrase: ) /Pg 10 0 R /K [0] >> endobj 73 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /P /P 46 0 R /E (References:) /Pg 10 0 R /K [1] >> endobj 74 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /P /P 190 0 R /E (https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/using_research/quoting_paraphrasing_and_summarizing/paraphrasing.html) /Pg 10 0 R /K [2] >> endobj 75 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /P /P 191 0 R /E (https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/paraphrase-1.pdf ) /Pg 10 0 R /K [3] >> endobj 76 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H1 /P 46 0 R /T (Why is Paraphrasing a Valuable Skill? ) /E (Why is Paraphrasing a Valuable Skill? ) /Pg 10 0 R /K [4] >> endobj 77 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H2 /P 192 0 R /T (It is better than quoting when language is not the subject.) /E (It is better than quoting when language is not the subject.) /Pg 10 0 R /K [5] >> endobj 78 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H2 /P 193 0 R /T (It helps you avoid quoting too much.) /E (It helps you avoid quoting too much.) /Pg 10 0 R /K [6] >> endobj 79 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H2 /P 194 0 R /T (It helps grasp the full meaning of the original. ) /E (It helps grasp the full meaning of the original. ) /Pg 10 0 R /K [7] >> endobj 80 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H1 /P 46 0 R /T (Other Tips for Paraphrasing: ) /E (Other Tips for Paraphrasing: ) /Pg 10 0 R /K [8] >> endobj 81 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H2 /P 195 0 R /T (Refer explicitly to the author in your paraphrase to clarify the source of the original ideas. ) /E (Refer explicitly to the author in your paraphrase to clarify the source of the original ideas. ) /Pg 10 0 R /K [9] >> endobj 82 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H2 /P 196 0 R /T <446F6E9074206A757374207265706561742C20616E616C797A652E2046696E64207761797320746861742069742063616E206265207374727563747572656420696E746F20796F757220617267756D656E742E20> /E <446F6E9074206A757374207265706561742C20616E616C797A652E2046696E64207761797320746861742069742063616E206265207374727563747572656420696E746F20796F757220617267756D656E742E20> /Pg 10 0 R /K [10] >> endobj 83 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H2 /P 197 0 R /T <42652073656C6563746976652062757420666169723A206F6E6C792075736520776861742069732072656C6576616E7420616E6420646F6E9074206368616E676520746865206F726967696E616C206D65616E696E672E20> /E <42652073656C6563746976652062757420666169723A206F6E6C792075736520776861742069732072656C6576616E7420616E6420646F6E9074206368616E676520746865206F726967696E616C206D65616E696E672E20> /Pg 10 0 R /K [11] >> endobj 84 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H2 /P 198 0 R /T (Only use entire phrases when they are crucial to the discourse of your field. ) /E (Only use entire phrases when they are crucial to the discourse of your field. ) /Pg 10 0 R /K [12] >> endobj 85 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H2 /P 199 0 R /T (Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning. ) /E (Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning. ) /Pg 10 0 R /K [13] >> endobj 86 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H2 /P 200 0 R /T (Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card. ) /E (Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card. ) /Pg 10 0 R /K [14] >> endobj 87 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H2 /P 201 0 R /T (Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material. At the top of the note card, write a keyword or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase. ) /E (Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material. At the top of the note card, write a keyword or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase. ) /Pg 10 0 R /K [15] >> endobj 88 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H2 /P 202 0 R /T (Check your rendition against the original to ensure your version accurately conveys all essential information in a new form. ) /E (Check your rendition against the original to ensure your version accurately conveys all essential information in a new form. ) /Pg 10 0 R /K [16] >> endobj 89 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H2 /P 203 0 R /T (Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the source. ) /E (Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the source. ) /Pg 10 0 R /K [17] >> endobj 90 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H2 /P 204 0 R /T (Record the source \(including the page\) on your note card so that you can credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper. ) /E (Record the source \(including the page\) on your note card so that you can credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper. ) /Pg 10 0 R /K [18] >> endobj 91 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /P /P 46 0 R /E (Created by: Asha Snow for the Learning Centre, 2026) /Pg 10 0 R /K [19] >> endobj 92 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /P /P 46 0 R /E (gcstudentservices@mun.ca) /Pg 10 0 R /K [20] >> endobj 93 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /Figure /P 46 0 R /Pg 10 0 R /A [205 0 R 0] /K [21] >> endobj 94 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /Figure /P 46 0 R /Pg 10 0 R /A [206 0 R 0] /K [22] >> endobj 95 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /Figure /P 46 0 R /Pg 10 0 R /A [207 0 R 0] /K [23] >> endobj 96 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /Figure /P 46 0 R /Pg 10 0 R /A [208 0 R 0] /K [24] >> endobj 97 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /Figure /P 46 0 R /Pg 10 0 R /A [209 0 R 0] /K [25] >> endobj 98 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /Figure /P 46 0 R /Pg 10 0 R /A [210 0 R 0] /K [26] >> endobj 99 0 obj << /Type /StructElem 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